Which principle involves the law governing the relationship between government and private individuals?

The principle that involves the law governing the relationship between government and private individuals is equality before the law. This principle asserts that all individuals, regardless of their status, are subject to the same laws and legal consequences. It emphasizes that no person is above the law, and each individual's rights and obligations are protected equally, ensuring fairness in legal proceedings.

In the context of the relationship between government and private individuals, this principle ensures that the government cannot arbitrarily exercise power over individuals without adhering to existing laws and legal standards. It establishes a foundation for justice and non-discrimination within the legal framework, providing a mechanism for individuals to hold the government accountable.

While transparency of law, accountability of legal action, and judicial independence are crucial concepts in the legal system, they serve different roles. Transparency relates to the clarity and openness of laws, accountability refers to the responsibility of public officials in their legal actions, and judicial independence pertains to the impartiality and freedom of the judiciary from external pressures. Each of these elements supports the legal system, but they do not specifically address the relationship between the government and individual citizens as directly as equality before the law does.